Temperature Requirements of Succulent Plants

1. Optimal Temperature Ranges

• Most succulent plants thrive in a relatively wide range of temperatures. The ideal temperature for their growth is typically between 15°C and 25°C (59°F – 77°F). Within this range, the plants can carry out their physiological processes, such as photosynthesis and respiration, efficiently.
• In spring and autumn, when the temperatures are within this optimal range, succulents usually show active growth. They may produce new leaves, stems, or offsets. For example, popular succulent varieties like Echeveria and Sedum tend to grow vigorously during these seasons when the temperatures are moderate.

2. Temperature Tolerance

• Succulents have evolved to tolerate a certain degree of temperature variation, but extreme temperatures can be harmful to them. Many succulents can tolerate short – term temperature drops to around 5°C (41°F), and some hardy species can even survive temperatures slightly below freezing for a short period. However, prolonged exposure to low temperatures can damage the plants. The cells of the succulents may freeze, causing irreversible damage to the tissues, which is manifested as blackening or wilting of the leaves.
• On the other hand, succulents can also endure high temperatures to some extent. Some desert – adapted succulents can withstand temperatures up to 35°C (95°F) or even higher for a short time. But when the temperature exceeds 30°C (86°F) for an extended period, their growth may slow down, and they may enter a state of semi – dormancy. In extremely high temperatures, the plants may be at risk of dehydration and sunburn, especially if they are not properly protected from direct sunlight.

3. Seasonal Temperature Changes

• Summer: In summer, when the temperatures are high, it is important to provide proper shade and ventilation for succulents. If the plants are exposed to direct sunlight for too long in high temperatures, they may get sun – stressed, and the leaves may turn red or brown. It is advisable to move the succulents to a slightly shaded area or use shade cloth to protect them from the intense sunlight. Additionally, reducing the watering frequency in summer helps prevent root rot, as the plants’ metabolism slows down in high temperatures.
• Winter: In winter, especially in regions with cold climates, succulents need to be protected from frost. It is best to bring potted succulents indoors or place them in a greenhouse where the temperature can be controlled. If keeping them outdoors, covering them with a frost – proof cloth or moving them to a sheltered location can help protect them from the cold. Watering should be reduced significantly in winter, as the plants are in a dormant state and do not require much water. Over – watering in cold temperatures can lead to root rot and other diseases.

4. Impact of Temperature on Growth and Development

• Temperature affects various aspects of succulent plant growth. In 适宜的 temperatures, the plants grow actively, with normal cell division and expansion, resulting in healthy leaf and stem growth. The color of the leaves is also more vibrant. However, when the temperature is too high or too low, the growth of succulents may be stunted. The plants may become etiolated, with elongated and weak stems, or the leaves may become smaller and less plump. In extreme cases, the plants may die if the temperature stress is too severe.